Although their scope and methodologies overlap somewhat, one can distinguish the following main concepts and tools: self-organization, nonlinear dynamics, synergetics, turbulence, dynamical systems, catastrophes, instabilities, stochastic processes, chaos, graphs and networks, cellular automata, adaptive systems, genetic algorithms, and computational intelligence. Models of such systems can be successfully mapped onto quite diverse “real-life” situations like the climate, the coherent emission of light from lasers, chemical reaction–diffusion systems, biological cellular networks, the dynamics of stock markets and of the Internet, earthquake statistics and prediction, freeway traffic, the human brain, or the formation of opinions in social systems, to name just some of the popular applications. Complex Systems are systems that comprise many interacting parts with the ability to generate a new quality of macroscopic collective behavior the manifestations of which are the spontaneous formation of distinctive temporal, spatial, or functional structures. Springer Complexity Springer Complexity is an interdisciplinary program publishing the best research and academic-level teaching on both fundamental and applied aspects of complex systems-cutting across all traditional disciplines of the natural and life sciences, engineering, economics, medicine, neuroscience, social, and computer science. Springer Proceedings in Complexity Series editors Henry Abarbanel, San Diego, USA Dan Braha, Dartmouth, USA Péter Érdi, Kalamazoo, USA Karl Friston, London, UK Hermann Haken, Stuttgart, Germany Viktor Jirsa, Marseille, France Janusz Kacprzyk, Warsaw, Poland Kunihiko Kaneko, Tokyo, Japan Scott Kelso, Boca Raton, USA Markus Kirkilionis, Coventry, UK Jürgen Kurths, Potsdam, Germany Andrzej Nowak, Warsaw, Poland Hassan Qudrat-Ullah, Toronto, Canada Linda Reichl, Austin, USA Peter Schuster, Vienna, Austria Frank Schweitzer, Zürich, Switzerland Didier Sornette, Zürich, Switzerland Stefan Thurner, Vienna, Austria Şefika Şule Erçetin Santo Banerjee Editors
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